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Media Category: Diagnosis

Central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions in Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

New MRI biomarkers are becoming increasingly relevant in the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Among them, the central vein sign (CVS) and paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) can improve diagnostic specificity and help distinguish MS from conditions that may mimic the disease. Šarlota Mesaroš reviews the biological basis, MRI detection and clinical relevance of these two biomarkers, and explains how they are incorporated into the revised McDonald diagnostic criteria. Key Insights from the Lecture: The central vein sign reflects a characteristic pathobiological feature of Multiple...

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Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: from incidental findings to preclinical Multiple Sclerosis

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS) is becoming increasingly relevant as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) diagnosis moves from a purely clinical model toward a more biologically informed framework. In this keynote, Cecilia Rajda explores how the 2024 diagnostic criteria are reshaping the definition of RIS, which patients may now fulfil criteria for MS, and what this means for diagnostic work-up, follow-up, treatment decisions and communication with patients. Key Insights from the Lecture: Multiple Sclerosis may begin biologically before the first clinical symptoms appear. RIS describes...

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2024 McDonald Criteria: applying the new diagnostic framework in clinical practice

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

The 2024 revision of the McDonald Criteria introduces several important changes designed to support earlier and more accurate diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Mario Habek reviews how the revised criteria can be applied in clinical practice, including the incorporation of Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS), the optic nerve as a fifth topography, kappa free light chains in cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and new MRI markers such as the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions. Key Insights from the Lecture: Radiologically Isolated Syndrome can now meet diagnostic criteria...

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2024 McDonald Criteria: what changes for Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis?

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

The 2024 revisions of the McDonald Diagnostic Criteria introduce important changes designed to support earlier and more consistent diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Gregor Brecl Jakob explains the clinical rationale behind the revisions, including the incorporation of selected patients with Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS), a unified diagnostic approach for relapsing and primary progressive MS, and the inclusion of the optic nerve as a fifth topography for demonstrating dissemination in space. Key Insights from the Lecture: The 2024 criteria move closer to a biologically...

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The clinical management of NMOSD

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare but severe relapsing disease of the central nervous system, characterized by attacks that lead to cumulative disability. Unlike multiple sclerosis, progression is not continuous but driven by relapses, making early diagnosis and rapid treatment essential. Advances in biomarkers, classification, and targeted therapies are reshaping how clinicians approach NMOSD management. Key Insights from the Lecture: NMOSD is a rare but globally variable disease Disability is driven by relapses, not progression Aquaporin-4 antibodies...

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CSF in the new diagnostic criteria in multiple sclerosis

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has significantly evolved over time, moving from a purely clinical approach to a more integrated model combining imaging and biological markers. Among these, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has regained a central role. Recent advances, particularly the use of kappa free light chains (KFLC), are transforming diagnostic practices by offering a faster, more accessible, and reliable alternative to traditional methods. Key Insights from the Lecture: CSF has long been essential in MS diagnosis Diagnostic criteria have evolved significantly MRI...

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