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Media Category: Immunology

Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-CD20 Therapies

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

Anti-CD20 therapies have transformed the treatment landscape of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), offering highly effective disease control through targeted B-cell depletion. As these therapies are increasingly used early in the disease course and maintained over many years, understanding their long-term efficacy, safety, and optimal use has become essential for clinical practice. In this webinar, Celia Oreja-Guevara and Patrick Vermersch review the latest evidence on anti-CD20 therapies, including ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, rituximab, and ublituximab. Drawing from pivotal clinical trials, extension...

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CSF in the new diagnostic criteria in multiple sclerosis

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has significantly evolved over time, moving from a purely clinical approach to a more integrated model combining imaging and biological markers. Among these, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has regained a central role. Recent advances, particularly the use of kappa free light chains (KFLC), are transforming diagnostic practices by offering a faster, more accessible, and reliable alternative to traditional methods. Key Insights from the Lecture: CSF has long been essential in MS diagnosis Diagnostic criteria have evolved significantly MRI...

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The immunopathological hallmarks of neuromyelitis optica spectrum desorder (NMOSD)

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

Nikolaos Grigoriadis presents a keynote lecture on the pathophysiology of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), focusing on the immunological mechanisms underlying disease activity. The session provides clinically relevant insights into how these mechanisms translate into relapse patterns and therapeutic targets. Key Insights from the Lecture: NMOSD is a relapse-driven disease, with disability primarily resulting from acute attacks rather than progressive mechanisms Anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies are present in the majority of patients and play a central pathogenic role...

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Sphingosine system – pathology and pathway

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

This lecture introduces the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) system as a complex, tightly regulated lipid-signaling pathway with relevance beyond Multiple Sclerosis, extending into vascular biology and other neurological diseases. The speaker explains how S1P is produced and transported, how it acts both intracellularly and via surface receptors, and why its biological effects depend on compartment, binding proteins, and the balance between pro-apoptotic ceramide and pro-survival S1P. The talk also links S1P dysregulation to disease mechanisms and emerging research questions, including...

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Endocannabinoid system – pathology and pathway

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

The endocannabinoid system represents a complex and independent neurotransmitter system with a central role in maintaining homeostasis within the nervous and immune systems. In this lecture, Nikolaos Grigoriadis reviewed the biological foundations of the endocannabinoid system, its mechanisms of action in the central nervous system and immune response, and the growing experimental and clinical evidence supporting its neuroprotective and immunomodulatory functions, with particular relevance for Multiple Sclerosis and other neuroinflammatory conditions. Key Insights from the Lecture: The...

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Microglia: pathology and pathway

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

In this keynote from Athens, Professor Laura Airas presents the central role of microglia in multiple sclerosis pathology and progression, with a focus on how these cells can both protect and damage the CNS. The presentation reviews microglial biology, their contribution to smouldering MS lesions, and how advanced imaging, especially TSPO-PET, can visualise microglial activation in vivo. Emerging therapeutic strategies, including BTK inhibitors and repurposed agents, are discussed as potential ways to modulate microglia and slow progression. Key Insights from the Lecture: Microglia...

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