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Media Category: Immunology

Sphingosine system – pathology and pathway

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

This lecture introduces the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) system as a complex, tightly regulated lipid-signaling pathway with relevance beyond Multiple Sclerosis, extending into vascular biology and other neurological diseases. The speaker explains how S1P is produced and transported, how it acts both intracellularly and via surface receptors, and why its biological effects depend on compartment, binding proteins, and the balance between pro-apoptotic ceramide and pro-survival S1P. The talk also links S1P dysregulation to disease mechanisms and emerging research questions, including...

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Endocannabinoid system – pathology and pathway

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

The endocannabinoid system represents a complex and independent neurotransmitter system with a central role in maintaining homeostasis within the nervous and immune systems. In this lecture, Nikolaos Grigoriadis reviewed the biological foundations of the endocannabinoid system, its mechanisms of action in the central nervous system and immune response, and the growing experimental and clinical evidence supporting its neuroprotective and immunomodulatory functions, with particular relevance for Multiple Sclerosis and other neuroinflammatory conditions. Key Insights from the Lecture: The...

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Microglia: pathology and pathway

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

In this keynote from Athens, Professor Laura Airas presents the central role of microglia in multiple sclerosis pathology and progression, with a focus on how these cells can both protect and damage the CNS. The presentation reviews microglial biology, their contribution to smouldering MS lesions, and how advanced imaging, especially TSPO-PET, can visualise microglial activation in vivo. Emerging therapeutic strategies, including BTK inhibitors and repurposed agents, are discussed as potential ways to modulate microglia and slow progression. Key Insights from the Lecture: Microglia...

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Immune reconstitution–pathology and pathway

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

In this keynote from Athens presented by Bart Van Wijmeersch, the concept of immune reconstitution therapy (IRT) in multiple sclerosis is examined from a mechanistic and clinical perspective. The presentation focuses on how targeted depletion and controlled repopulation of immune cells may rebalance dysregulated immunity, enhance tolerance, and reshape long-term disease activity. Key Insights from the Lecture: Immune reconstitution as a goal: restoring immune balance and tolerance is presented as a core objective in MS, by resetting dysregulated regulatory and effector cells. The...

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B-Cell Clinical aspects: available and future treatment

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

In this keynote delivered in Athens, Professor Carlo Pozzilli takes the audience through the past, present and future of anti-CD20 therapies in multiple sclerosis. Starting from the early interferon era and the first monoclonal antibodies, Professor Pozzilli retraces how B-cell depletion moved from a provocative concept to a central pillar of MS management. Drawing on pivotal trials, 10-year extension data and real-world evidence, the discussion adresses why starting high-efficacy therapy early matters, how anti-CD20 agents compare with other high-efficacy options such as natalizumab, and...

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Immune reconstitution – Clinical aspects: available and future treatment

Written by ParadigMS Foundation on .

Immune reconstitution therapies are reshaping modern MS management, offering periods of lasting disease control without continuous immunosuppression. In this thought-provoking session, Prof. Patrick Vermersch, leading MS clinician and clinical trial expert, examines how IRTs work in real clinical practice, what drives long-term success, and how to navigate risks, patient selection, and treatment timing. Drawing on decades of research and clinical experience, Prof. Vermersch provides a clear and clinically meaningful framework for understanding cladribine, alemtuzumab, HSCT, and other...

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